Homework

Testicular and Cervical Cancer
Testicular cancer is not that common and is not considered as one of the more deadly forms of cancer because it is easily detected. BUt if found to late, could cause death. Sciencetist still have not figured out what causes this cancer, which makes it difficult to find a cure. It is most common in men who are 25-45 years-old, and after 75 it is uncommon. The symptoms are swelling, bumps, and pain in the stomach. HTe deitry of a person does not effect whether they can get cancer or not. Testicular cancer runs in the family and if the testicles get twisted it could cause the cancer as well. . Testicular cancer is easily spotted by someone who has it because it will form an irregular bump on one testical, if you think you may have it you should see a doctor. The treatment for someone who has testicular cancer is usually to have the testical removed.
Cervical cancer is usually caused by HPV ( human papiloma virus). It is a very common virus that is transmitted through sex, and can be carried by a male and have no affect on them. Smoking also increases the risk of cervical cancer. There is a vaccine that prevents against the types of HPV that commonly cause cancer. HPV will often cause no symtoms so it is hard to tell if a person has it, but then it can cause cervical cancer. There is now a three shot process for younger girls preventing cervical cancer.









STI:
Chlamydia:Is an infection cause by bacteria which is received from sexual contact with another person that has Chlamydia. The symptoms are similar between women an men; pelvic pain, discharge (vaginal or penile) painful urination and the women may bleed after intercourse. To find out if you have Chlamydia a urine or discharge sample will be sent off to a lab for further examination. Chlamydia can be treated by antibiotics. If Chlamydia is not taken care of it can cause severe infections of the reproduction organs, infertility, can pass from the mother to the child during childbirth, and it may also spread to other sex partners.
Gonorrhea: An infection cause by bacteria which is received from sexual contact with another person that has Gonorrhea. Symptoms are similar between women and men; pelvic pain, fever, blood and puss from the anus, sore throat, and discharge from the penis or vagina. To find out if you have Gonorrhea a urine or discharge sample is sent to a lab for further examination. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics. If Gonorrhea is not take care of properly it can cause infertility or PFI, it can pass from mother to child during childbirth, it can cause health trouble, skin issues or arthritis, and can spread to other sex partner.
Syphilis: An infection caused by bacteria through sexual contact.
First stage of Syphilis are painless sores on mouth, anus, penis or vagina. The second stage of Syphilis are new occurring sores, rash, fever, hair loss, body ache, sore throat or swollen glands. A medical examination of the sores or a blood test can take place to find out if you have Syphilis. It is treated by antibiotics or possible hospitalization. If you don’t take care of Syphilis it can cause heart and brain damage, can cause severe damage to a fetus or even death to the child and may cause death of the person with syphilis.
HIV/AIDS: Is a virus that damages the body’s immune system affecting the ability to fight of infections. HIV is passed by, blood to blood, sharing contaminated needles, and breast milk. Symptoms of this are, unexplained fever or chills, constant diarrhea, dry cough with shortness of breath, constant fatigue, persistent white sots in the mouth, pink/purple flat raised blotches on or under the skin. HIV can be detected with a blood test or a orasure test. HIV/AIDS is treated with a mixture of medicine to fight the spread of infections and any other illnesses. If HIV is not taken care of the development of life threatening illness can occur, a mother can pass it to her child, and can spread to sex partners or needle partners. You can't actually die from HIV, but it breaks down your immune system so that it can't fight of the infection you have so you end up dying from the infection.
Genital Herpes: Is caused by the herpes simplex virus and is passed by sexual contact. Symptoms of genital herpes are painful blisters that break into sores, sores dry up and disappear in 5-21 days and swollen glands can occur. To find out if you have Genital Herpes you can have a medical examination of the blisters, fluid may be taken and sent to a lab for further examination and a blood test can be taken. Genital Herpes can be treated with creams and other medications to help prevent the outbreaks in the future, once infected the virus stays in your body throughout your life. If the sores are not taken care of virus can spread to sex partners, mother can pass to her child during childbirth, and can cause illness or death of the child. Genital Herpes comes and goes due to stress, and you will probably get an outbreak.
Genital Warts: An infection caused by the Human Papiloma Virus and can be passed by contact from sexual contact from partners, skin to skin, and can even be passed if virus is not visible. The symptoms are, small painless cauliflower like bumps, and slight itching. This virus is treated by having the warts burned, or frozen off but once the virus is gotten the virus stays in the body. Genital Warts can grow larger, become hard to remove, can lead to cervical cancer in women, can pass from mother to child during childbirth, and can spread to sex partner. Some may spread causing penis or vagina to be covered with warts and not being able to see the shape of the penis or vagina.
Pubic Lice (Crabs): Is a parasite that lives around the hair by the genitals which can be passed by sexual contact or skin to skin contact, infected towels or clothing, and bedding. Sever itching can occur, the ability to see the lice and eggs in the hair and small dots of blood in underwear. To find out if you have Crabs a visual exam of the area is done. Crabs will not go away if you just shave because they borrow thereselves under the skin and wait till hair grows back. Crabs are treated by using special shampoo, and washing bedding, clothing sect. must be done. If it is not taken care of it may lead to bacterial infection, may spread to others and symptoms may get extremly worse.


Contraceptives:
There are many different types of contraceptives, they are mostly over the counter perceptions. The most common type of contraceptives are condoms. There are two types of condoms, male and female. Male condoms are easy to buy and you don't need a perscription, they and you should use them everytime you have sex to protect from infections including HIV sthe side effects of condoms are they can break or slip off, loss of feeling and latex allegery. Female condomes very extremly similar to the male condoms except for it goes inside the women. The side effect to these are that they may be nosiy and may be hard to insert the penis. Spermicide is another contraceptive, they are very easy to buy and theres no need for a persription, and it comes in forms of cream, gel, foam, inserts. Spermicide must be used everytime you have sex. Side affects to this is that it can be messy, and using nonoxynol-9 it may increase HIV infection and could irritate vagina or penis. Diaphragm, another form of centraceptive, which covers the cerix insid ethe womens vagina, the benifits of this is that it cost very little and it can last for several years. it has to be used everytime you have sex, must be used with spermicide everytime, and must be fitted by health care provider. Do not use during vaginal bleeding or infection and it may cause a increased risk of bladder infections. The Implant may be left in for 3 years and you don't need to take medicine everyday, it also can be used while breastfeeding. A provider must place it under the skin of the upper arm and it must be removed by a provider. Some side affects are it may cause changes in your period and after a year a women may have no period at all. The Shot called depoprovera each shot works for 12 weeks and can be used while breastfeeding. Must get shot every three months from a health care provider. Some sideeefects may cause changes in your period, may cause weight gain, depression, hair loss, skin rash, and sex change drive. May cause delay in getting pregnant after shots are stopped and some women may have side effects up to 6 months after stopping shots. The Pill can make periods more regualr and less painful, improve acne, lower risks to ovarian cancer and it 92-99% protective when having sex to prevent you from getting pregnant. The pill must be taken daily. Some side effects may be nausea, weight gain, spotting, and headaches, but vary between different types of pills. Progestin-Only Pills can reduces the rate of getting pregnant, but when going off the medication the risk of becoming pregnant are more. Must be taken at the same time everyday and may cause spotting. The Patch can make periods more regular and less painful, there is no pill to take everyday. You have to put a new patch once a week for three weeks, and no patch in week four. The Ring does not require a fitting by a health care provider, and does not require spermicide. The ring can make periods more regualr and less painful and there is no pill to take daily. A small ring is inserted inot the vagina. A new ring is inserted each month. The ring can cause increased vaginal discharge.
IUD known as intrauterine device must be places in the uterus by a heath care provider and must be removed by one to. There is nothing to put in place before sex, can be left in up to 5 years, no pill to take daily and can be used while breastfeeding. This may cause incresed in cramps and heavier periods and spotting between periods and rarely ututerus can be injured during placement. Emergency Contraception (plan B) You should take two pills together as soon as possible after unprotcected sex. Women and men 18 and older don't need a persrciption, can ower the risk of pregnancy if taken within 5 days of unproctected sex. Can be used while breatfeeding. Some side effects are frequent headaches and dizines, and the next period that comes may come a few days early or a few days late.

Tobacco Projects

Quitting Success Rates:

When a person wants to quit smoking there are many types of procedures and help that you can go to when wanting to quit. During these steps and procedures, the success rate of actually quiting smoking is very low. About 5% to 16% of people are able to quit smoking for at least 6 months without any medicine to help with withdrawal. 25% to about 33% of people who use medicine for quiting smoking can usually stay clean for a little over 6 months, and going to group therapy can also increase the rates of staying clean. Although the success rates are low, it doesn't mean you shouldn't try them if you really want to quit smoking. When quiting smoking the success rates of other people don't matter as much because in the end all you need is your success rates.

How to quit:

When considering quiting smoking there are four main goals that you have to achieve to make quitting smoking successful.

• Making the decision to quit
• Setting a quit date and choosing a quit plan
• Dealing with withdrawal
• Staying quit (maintenance)

During this time, following these steps will take you through the process of quitting cigarette smoking, as soon as you make your decision to quit your off to the best start you could be, and after you set a date, your even better although the hardest part is dealing with the withdrawals you will have family, friend, sugarless gum, and love from everyone being there to support you!